文史哲 ›› 2022 ›› Issue (5): 59-74. • 中国社会形态问题 • 上一篇    下一篇



秦代地方行政文书的形态——以里耶秦简为中心

刘自稳,中国政法大学法律古籍整理研究所讲师   

  • 出版日期:2022-09-05

The Forms of Local Administrative Papers in the Qin Dynasty: Focusing on the Wooden Slips Unearthed in Liye

  • Online:2022-09-05 Published:2022-09-25

摘要: “单独简”是里耶秦简中典型的文书形态,即一枚内容已经写完而不需编缀成册的木牍。依据文书格式的复杂程度,单独简牍所载文书又可分为单一公文和组合公文两类,单一公文在呈送、转发和追文等场合下可形成组合公文。里耶秦简中还大量存在由多枚简牍组合而成的文书,依据文书所用简牍形制又可分为单行简册文书、两行简册文书和组合简牍文书。其中,将单独简牍文书中组合公文的不同构件分书于单枚木牍上时,所形成的文书形态就是组合简牍文书。根据里耶秦简中多简牍文书的存档方式以及汉初告地策文书的组合方式,秦代基层组合简牍文书可能使用编联或捆扎的方式形成完整文书。

关键词: 里耶秦简, 文书形态, 文书格式, 简册编联

Abstract:

“Individual slip” is classical as well as basic type of document in Liye Slips, that is, one tablet which records context fully and never need to be collected as a group. According to the complexity of the document format, what the individual-slips document says could be divided into single-document and combination-document. when there are adding documents related with submitting, conveying, asking again, etc., the single-document especially could turn into the combination-document. With too many slips as a group making one document in Liye Slips, documents could be divided into the counterpart of one-line-slips group, two-line-slips group, as well as combination documents. When distributing all parts of the document which is collected with individual slips to the single tablet, that is the very combination-document looks like. Based on the archive type of Liye Slips and the combination format in “announcement to the world below” during the beginning of the former Han dynasty, the primary-level governments’ document that is combined with slips during the Qin empire, maybe is complete by collecting as a roll or banding together simply.